1,275 research outputs found

    Qualitative non-destructive testing of concrete-like materials

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    International audienceIn this paper we explore the capacity of Qualita-tive Inversion Methods to detect macroscopic cracks or a lattice of small cracks in concrete-like materi-als. These materials are difficult to probe since the heterogeneities size inside the medium and the wave-length of classically used sensors are of the same order of magnitude. We shall demonstrate how this diffi-culty can be avoided in the case of macroscopic cracks by using so-called differential measurements and ap-plication of the Linear Sampling Method. For a lat-tice of small cracks we rather propose to construct a macroscopic indicator based on the eigenvalues of a suitable transmission problem. Introduction We are interested in using elastic waves to perform complete non destructive testing of concrete-like ma-terials. The main difficulty in controlling concrete is its heterogeneous nature. Concrete is made of cement paste, water and aggregates. After a drying period, this mixture results in a heterogeneous material. As far as waves propagation is concerned, the main char-acteristics is the difference of celerity between aggre-gates and cement paste, especially as the wavelength and the size of the aggregates are similar, thus, in what follows, we will model concrete as a biphasic material.This concrete-like material has the following properties: the celerity of pressure wave is 5700ms −1 in aggregates and 4300ms −1 in cement paste. Defect Figure 1: Simulated concrete and numerical set-up for direct and inverse proble

    Using Buckingham's π\pi Theorem for Multi-System Learning Transfer: a Case-study with 3 Vehicles Sharing a Database

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    Learning schemes for planning and control are limited by the difficulty of collecting large amounts of experimental data or having to rely on high-fidelity simulations. This paper explores the potential of a proposed learning scheme that leverages dimensionless numbers based on Buckingham's π\pi theorem to improve data efficiency and facilitate knowledge sharing between similar systems. A case study using car-like robots compares traditional and dimensionless learning models on simulated and experimental data to validate the benefits of the new dimensionless learning approach. Preliminary results show that this new dimensionless approach could accelerate the learning rate and improve the accuracy of the model and should be investigated further

    Méthode de modélisation de la performance sismique des piliers de ponts en béton armé.

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    Les codes de conception des ponts sont en mode de transition vers la conception basĂ©e sur la performance (CBP) et il n’est pas encore clair comment les critĂšres de conception peuvent rĂ©pondre aux diffĂ©rents critĂšres de performance pour diffĂ©rentes classes de ponts. Dans ce projet, une approche locale est utilisĂ©e pour prĂ©dire la performance locale des piles de ponts en bĂ©ton armĂ© soumises Ă  des charges sismiques. La performance locale est liĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©sistance rĂ©siduelle (exigence fonctionnelle) et au besoin de rĂ©parations postsĂ©isme (rĂ©parabilitĂ© et coĂ»ts de cycle de vie). La performance locale d’une pile de pont est liĂ©e Ă  l’ouverture des fissures, au taux de renforcement, au flambement et Ă  la rupture des barres longitudinales, et aux dommages irrĂ©versibles en compression du bĂ©ton. Le document prĂ©sente une technique de modĂ©lisation qui prĂ©dit la performance locale des piles. Le modĂšle du bĂ©ton tient compte du confinement, du raidissement en traction et du comportement cyclique du bĂ©ton Ă  l’aide des Ă©quations du modĂšle de Laborderie (1991), un modĂšle basĂ© sur la mĂ©canique d’endommagement. Le modĂšle inclut les effets du flambement en considĂ©rant les barres longitudinales comme Ă©lĂ©ments individuels dans la rĂ©gion de la rotule plastique. Le flambement est modĂ©lisĂ© en introduisant une excentricitĂ© initiale reprĂ©sentant l’expansion du bĂ©ton en compression. Les modĂšles de comportement des matĂ©riaux ont Ă©tĂ© introduits au logiciel Opensees. Des outils spĂ©cifiques de post-traitement permettent d’évaluer la performance locale d’une pile de pont soumis Ă  un tremblement de terre. La technique de modĂ©lisation est utilisĂ©e pour prĂ©dire le comportement de plusieurs piles de ponts testĂ©s en compression et flexion cyclique (tests pseudostatistiques) par Lehman et al. (2000) et Calderone et al. (2001) et peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e pour des piles testĂ©es de maniĂšre pseudodynamique pour simuler un vĂ©ritable tremblement de terre. Les prĂ©dictions sont proches des valeurs expĂ©rimentales au niveau global (diagrammes d’enveloppe force-dĂ©placement et le comportement hystĂ©rĂ©tique). En ce qui concerne la prĂ©diction de la performance Ă  un niveau local, le modĂšle prĂ©dit bien les dĂ©formations locales et les Ă©tats limites pour des ductilitĂ©s en dĂ©placement allant jusqu’à 3. Pour des ductilitĂ©s en dĂ©placement supĂ©rieures Ă  3, le flambement et la rupture des barres sont bien prĂ©dits pour 50% des piliers. D’autres piliers devraient ĂȘtre testĂ©s afin de valider et d’amĂ©liorer la mĂ©thode de prĂ©diction de ces Ă©tats limites. La mĂ©thode peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer et valider les critĂšres de conception par rapport aux critĂšres de performance dans une optique de conception performancielle des piliers de ponts en bĂ©ton armĂ©

    Unraveling the role of non-coding rare variants in epilepsy and its subtypes with deep learning

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    The discovery of new variants has slowed down in recent years in epilepsy studies, despite the use of very large cohorts. Consequently, most of the heritability is still unexplained. Rare non-coding variants have been largely ignored in studies on epilepsy, although non-coding single nucleotide variants can have a significant impact on gene expression. We had access to whole genome sequencing (WGS) from 247 epilepsy patients and 377 controls. To assess the functional impact of non-coding variants, ExPecto, a deep learning algorithm was used to predict expression change in brain tissues. We compared the burden of rare non-coding deleterious variants between cases and controls. Rare non-coding highly deleterious variants were significantly enriched with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE), but not with Non-Acquired Focal Epilepsy (NAFE) or all epilepsy cases when compared with controls. In this study, we showed that rare non-coding deleterious variants are associated with epilepsy, specifically with GGE. Larger WGS epilepsy cohort will be needed to investigate those effects at a greater resolution. Nevertheless, we demonstrated the importance of studying non-coding regions in epilepsy, a disease where new discoveries are scarce

    ContrĂŽle par vecteurs d'influence pour les robots Ă  actionneurs cellulaires binaires

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    La robotique actuelle est principalement limitĂ©e Ă  des tĂąches de positionnement rapide d'outils. En effet, malgrĂ© beaucoup d'efforts de recherche et dĂ©veloppement, les robots classiques ont peu de succĂšs pour les tĂąches d'interaction avec des environnements incertains. De plus, la faible densitĂ© massique de puissance des systĂšmes d'actionnement classique (moteur Ă©lectrique, rĂ©ducteur et joint) est contraignante pour les robots mobiles et les mĂ©canismes des vĂ©hicules oĂč la masse est critique. Le laboratoire CAMUS explore une nouvelle architecture robotique qui consiste Ă  remplacer les composants complexes (joints, roulements, engrenages, moteurs, etc.) par une structure flexible incluant plusieurs Ă©lĂ©ments actifs (muscles artificiels). Les avantages d'une telle architecture sont la lĂ©gĂšretĂ©, la redondance des actionneurs et la faible impĂ©dance passive, des atouts particuliĂšrement intĂ©ressants pour la robotique et les mĂ©canismes en aĂ©rospatiale. Cette approche est Ă©tudiĂ©e dans un premier temps en dĂ©veloppant des robots constituĂ©s d'un corps flexible en polymĂšre incluant plusieurs petits muscles pneumatiques intĂ©grĂ©s. Ce mĂ©moire documente le dĂ©veloppement d'une mĂ©thode de contrĂŽle adaptĂ©e Ă  cette nouvelle architecture, car les mĂ©thodes classiques ne sont pas applicables. La mĂ©thode de contrĂŽle proposĂ©e, le contrĂŽle par vecteur d'influence, permet de contrĂŽler une sortie vectorielle (multivariable), comme une position oĂč une force, en recrutant des actionneurs selon leurs vecteurs d'influence sur cette sortie. La mĂ©thode ne nĂ©cessite pas de modĂšle analytique car les vecteurs d'influence sont identifiĂ©s expĂ©rimentalement, ce qui s'avĂšre un atout majeur puisque qu'il est trĂšs difficile d'obtenir des modĂšles prĂ©cis de systĂšmes cellulaires. Pour le contrĂŽle en position, le contrĂŽleur proposĂ© utilise une approche probabiliste et un algorithme gĂ©nĂ©tique pour dĂ©terminer la combinaison optimale d'actionneurs Ă  recruter. Pour le contrĂŽle de mouvements continus, le contrĂŽleur utilise une approche par surface de glissement et une loi de contrĂŽle indĂ©pendante pour chacun des actionneurs. La mĂ©thode de contrĂŽle proposĂ©e est validĂ©e expĂ©rimentalement sur un robot prototype utilisant vingt muscles pneumatiques binaires intĂ©grĂ©s dans une structure souple en polymĂšre. Les rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux confirment 1'efficacitĂ© de la mĂ©thode et son habiletĂ© Ă  tolĂ©rer des perturbations massives et des pannes d'actionneurs

    Quantum confinement effects in Pb Nanocrystals grown on InAs

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    In the recent work of Ref.\cite{Vlaic2017-bs}, it has been shown that Pb nanocrystals grown on the electron accumulation layer at the (110) surface of InAs are in the regime of Coulomb blockade. This enabled the first scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of the superconducting parity effect across the Anderson limit. The nature of the tunnel barrier between the nanocrystals and the substrate has been attributed to a quantum constriction of the electronic wave-function at the interface due to the large Fermi wavelength of the electron accumulation layer in InAs. In this manuscript, we detail and review the arguments leading to this conclusion. Furthermore, we show that, thanks to this highly clean tunnel barrier, this system is remarkably suited for the study of discrete electronic levels induced by quantum confinement effects in the Pb nanocrystals. We identified three distinct regimes of quantum confinement. For the largest nanocrystals, quantum confinement effects appear through the formation of quantum well states regularly organized in energy and in space. For the smallest nanocrystals, only atomic-like electronic levels separated by a large energy scale are observed. Finally, in the intermediate size regime, discrete electronic levels associated to electronic wave-functions with a random spatial structure are observed, as expected from Random Matrix Theory.Comment: Main 12 pages, Supp: 6 page

    Moon Prism Boys: The Magical Boy as Queering Device

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    Through a queer lens, this thesis examines the role that the magical boy character plays in the manga Magical Boy Majorian (2007-2008), and in season 15 of the popular magical girl genre anime franchise Pretty Cure, entitled Hugtto! PreCure (2018-2019). Using queer theory and gender studies research, this thesis argues that the magical boy figure challenges problematic forms of masculinity by performing what I call ‘shƍjoness,’ a particular form of feminine aesthetic mainly found in shƍjo (for girls) manga, and anime. The thesis contends that henshin (transformation) sequences allow a space for gender negotiation, which disrupts a heteronormative structure through the crossing, and blending, of gender expression and form. Acting as what Sedgwick calls a queer survival object (1993), the magical boy becomes a site for queer representation, but also what I call a queering device. In other words, this thesis argues that Majorian and Hugtto serve as escapes from the burden of heteronormativity, while also holding to some extent the power to inspire change in attitudes toward queerness within, and beyond the pages of the manga, or the screen of anime. Analyzing key scenes from both works mentioned above, this thesis explores how medium specificity (manga structure, and animation techniques) renders queerness by contrasting it with more standard ways of drawing, and animating, consequently challenging normative ways of being. Informed by Scott McCloud’s theorizing of the gutter, Thomas Lamarre’s work on the interval, and Sara Ahmed’s discussion on queer orientation, Moon Prism Boys frames particular forms of interstices as spaces that have the potential to positively disturb a monolithic form of masculinity when brought into contact with queerness

    La place occupĂ©e par les plateformes numĂ©riques de travail dans le parcours d’intĂ©gration socioprofessionnelle des nouveaux·elles arrivant·e·s au QuĂ©bec : enquĂȘte exploratoire auprĂšs des travailleur·euse·s de livraison de nourriture

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    En raison de certaines barriĂšres structurelles d’accĂšs Ă  l’emploi qu’elles rencontrent, plusieurs personnes immigrantes nouvellement arrivĂ©es sont relĂ©guĂ©es vers les emplois faiblement rĂ©munĂ©rĂ©s et dits « peu qualifiĂ©s ». Dans le prolongement de ces dynamiques, des Ă©tudes montrent que les personnes issues de l’immigration sont surreprĂ©sentĂ©es au sein des plateformes numĂ©riques de travail, une forme d’emploi prĂ©caire en raison notamment des faibles salaires octroyĂ©s et de l’imposition d’un statut de travailleur autonome limitant l’accĂšs Ă  diffĂ©rents rĂ©gimes de protections sociales. MalgrĂ© ce constat, peu d’études quĂ©bĂ©coises et canadiennes ont explorĂ© le lien entre l’intĂ©gration socioprofessionnelle des personnes immigrantes et le travail de plateformes. À partir d’entretiens semi-dirigĂ©s rĂ©alisĂ©s auprĂšs de 17 travailleur·euse·s de plateformes numĂ©riques de livraison de nourriture, ce mĂ©moire s’interroge sur la place qu’occupent ces plateformes dans le parcours d’intĂ©gration socioprofessionnelle des nouveaux·elles arrivant·e·s au QuĂ©bec. Les rĂ©sultats de cette enquĂȘte exploratoire portent Ă  adopter un regard nuancĂ© sur la situation des personnes immigrantes nouvellement arrivĂ©es et travailleur·se·s de plateformes. MalgrĂ© leur haut niveau de diplomation et leurs expĂ©riences de travail antĂ©rieures, la majoritĂ© des participant·e·s n’était pas parvenue Ă  occuper un emploi correspondant Ă  leurs qualifications et Ă  leurs attentes dans les mois et les annĂ©es suivant leur arrivĂ©e au QuĂ©bec. Avant de travailler sur les plateformes, ils et elles s’étaient d’abord tourné·e·s vers le travail salariĂ© dĂ©qualifiant, faiblement rĂ©munĂ©rĂ© et qui les exposait Ă  plusieurs contraintes de travail. En dĂ©pit des conditions de travail prĂ©caires offertes et des nombreuses insatisfactions exprimĂ©es par les participant·e·s, les plateformes numĂ©riques de travail reprĂ©sentent nĂ©anmoins une alternative avantageuse puisqu’elles s’accompagnent parfois d’une meilleure rĂ©munĂ©ration, d’un moindre effort physique, ainsi que d’un plus grand contrĂŽle sur les heures et horaires de travail. Pour l’ensemble des participant·e·s, le travail de plateforme constitue une activitĂ© temporaire et s’inscrit plus largement dans des projets professionnels et migratoires – dans le cas des rĂ©sident·e·s temporaires -, mais aussi dans un contexte marquĂ© par la pandĂ©mie de COVID-19. Le passage au travail de plateforme constitue une forme de stratĂ©gie mobilisĂ©e par les participant·e·s pour surmonter les diffĂ©rentes contraintes – Ă©conomiques, conciliation des sphĂšres de vie, statut migratoire restrictif - rencontrĂ©es dans le cadre de leur parcours d’intĂ©gration socioprofessionnelle et faciliter le passage Ă  une situation favorable.Due to certain structural barriers to accessing employment, many newly arrived immigrants are relegated to low-paying, so-called "low-skilled" jobs. As an extension of these dynamics, studies show that people of immigrant background are overrepresented in digital work platforms, a form of precarious employment due in particular to the low wages paid and the imposition of a self-employed status that limits access to various social protection schemes. Despite this observation, few Quebec and Canadian studies have explored the link between the socio-professional integration of immigrants and digital platforms. Based on semi-structured interviews with 17 workers of digital food delivery platforms, this thesis examines the role of these platforms in the socio-professional integration of newcomers to Quebec. The results of this exploratory study suggest a nuanced view of the situation of newly arrived immigrants and platform workers. Despite their high level of education and previous work experience, the majority of participants had not managed to find a job that matched their qualifications and expectations in the months and years following their arrival in Quebec. Before working on the platforms, they had first turned to low-skill, low-paying salaried work that exposed them to several work constraints. Despite the precarious working conditions offered and the many dissatisfactions voiced by the participants, digital work platforms nevertheless represent an advantageous alternative since they are sometimes accompanied with better pay, less physical effort, and greater control over working hours and schedules. For all the participants, platform work is a temporary activity and is part of their professional and migratory projects - in the case of temporary residents - but also in a context marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition to platform work constitutes a form of strategy mobilized by the participants to overcome the various constraints - economic, reconciliation of spheres of life, restrictive migratory status - encountered in the course of their socio-professional integration and to facilitate the transition to a favorable situation

    À travers la flamme : de la contre-culture amĂ©ricaine au Glass Pipe Art Movement

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    L'objectif de ce mĂ©moire est d'offrir une ethnographie d'une sous-culture artistique, celle des souffleurs de verre qui fabriquent des pipes destinĂ©es Ă  la consommation de cannabis (Glass Pipe Art Movement). En me basant sur les concepts de sous-culture/contre-culture, de marginalitĂ©, de communautĂ© virtuelle et de cooptation, je tente de comprendre comment cette culture artistique a pu se propager et quels changements potentiels touchent les pipe makers suite Ă  la lĂ©galisation du cannabis au Canada. La recherche est fondĂ©e sur une enquĂȘte de terrain d'un peu plus de trois mois menĂ©e auprĂšs de quinze pipe makers dispersĂ©s au Canada (Colombie-Britannique, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, QuĂ©bec) et aux États-Unis (Eugene, Oregon). Mon observation a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© participante, vu que j'ai eu l'occasion d'ĂȘtre initiĂ© au soufflage de verre. La rĂ©flexion s'est concentrĂ©e sur le Glass Pipe Art Movement comme un mouvement artistique innovant Ă  partir de la pratique du lampworking et associĂ© Ă  l'Ă©mergence d'un nouvel art world (Becker, 1982), qui est contraint de rester dans une zone grise en raison de l'illĂ©galitĂ© de la consommation de cannabis. L'analyse s'est dĂ©ployĂ©e en trois grands axes : l'identification sous/contre culturelle des artistes et leur marginalitĂ© revendiquĂ©e; le rĂŽle des mĂ©dias alternatifs dans la constitution de cet art world ; et enfin la cooptation commerciale de cette pratique Ă  l'heure de la lĂ©galisation du cannabis. La rĂ©flexion finale porte sur la tension formulĂ©e par les pipe makers entre la lĂ©galisation de leur production et la perte d'authenticitĂ© potentielle de leur sous-culture.The purpose of this dissertation is to offer an ethnographic study of an artistic subculture, the Glass Pipe Art Movement, featuring glass blowers who produce glass pipes to smoke cannabis. Using the concepts of subculture/counterculture, marginality, virtual community, and co-optation, I try to understand how this artistic culture has spread and what potential changes will affect pipe makers as a result of the legalization of cannabis in Canada. The research is based on a fieldwork that spanned just over three months conducted with fifteen pipe makers scattered across Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec) and the United States (Eugene, Oregon). I also used participant observation, as I had the opportunity to be introduced to glassblowing. My analysis focuses on the Glass Pipe Art Movement as an innovative art movement based on the practice of lampworking and associated with the emergence of a new art world (Becker, 1982), which is confined to a gray area given the illegality of cannabis use. The analysis unfolds along three main axis: the subcultural/countercultural identification of the artists and their self-proclaimed marginality; the role of alternative media in the constitution of this art world; and finally the commercial co-option of this practice with the legalization of cannabis. The final reflection concerns the tension expressed by pipe makers between the legalization of their production and the potential loss of authenticity of their subculture
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